@article{ref1,
title="Renting poorer housing: ecological relationships between tenure, dwelling condition, and income and housing-sensitive hospitalizations in a developed country",
journal="Health education and behavior",
year="2020",
author="Telfar Barnard, Lucy and Howden-Chapman, Philippa and Pierse, Nevil",
volume="47",
number="6",
pages="816-824",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown two-way associations between rental tenure, poorer housing quality, and health outcomes, but little research has looked at relative housing contributions to health outcomes.   AIMS: We investigated whether tenure and/or dwelling condition were associated with housing-sensitive hospitalizations and whether any association differed by income.   METHOD: Using a data set of housing characteristics matched to hospitalization records, rental tenure data, and income quintiles, we modeled differences in housing-sensitive hospitalization rates by ecological-level tenure and housing condition, controlling for age-group and mean temperatures.   RESULTS: There were clear associations between income, tenure, and house condition, and winter-associated hospitalization risk. In the adjusted model, the largest risk differences were associated with neighborhoods with low income (risk ratio [RR] = 1.48) and high rental tenure (RR = 1.41). There was a nonsignificant difference for housing condition (RR = 1.04).   DISCUSSION: Rental tenure and poor housing condition were risks for housing-sensitive hospitalization, but the association with income was stronger. Higher income households may be better able to offset quality and tenure-related health risks. This research illustrates the inverse housing law: Those most vulnerable, with most need for good-quality housing, are least likely to have it. Income inequity is inbuilt in tenure, quality, and health burden relationships.   CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that measures to address health inequities should include improvements to both tenure security and housing quality, particularly in low-income areas. However, policymakers aiming to reduce overall hospitalization rates should focus their efforts on reducing fuel poverty and improving the affordability of quality housing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1090-1981",
doi="10.1177/1090198120945923",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198120945923"
}