@article{ref1,
title="Contextual determinants of intimate partner violence: a multi-level analysis in six European cities",
journal="International journal of public health",
year="2020",
author="Dias, Nicole Geovana and Fraga, Silvia and Soares, Joaquim and Hatzidimitriadou, Eleni and Ioannidi-Kapolou, Elisabeth and Lindert, Jutta and Sundin, Örjan and Toth, Olga and Barros, Henrique and Ribeiro, Ana Isabel",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To assess whether city-level characteristics influence the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization across six European cities.   METHODS: The DOVE study included 3496 participants from Athens-Greece, Budapest-Hungary, London-UK, Östersund-Sweden, Porto-Portugal and Stuttgart-Germany. IPV victimization was assessed using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and several contextual variables were included: GINI coefficient, gender equality index, an index of social support, unemployment rate and proportion of residents with tertiary education. Multilevel models were fitted to estimate the associations (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals) between each type of victimization and contextual and individual-level variables.   RESULTS: 62.3% of the participants reported being a victim of IPV during the previous year, with large between-city differences (53.9%-72.4%). Contextual variables accounted for a substantial amount of this heterogeneity. Unemployment rates were associated with psychological (1.05, 1.01-1.08) and physical IPV (1.07, 1.01-1.13). GINI coefficient showed a positive association with any form of IPV (1.06, 1.01-1.11) and sexual coercion (1.13, 1.01-1.25).   CONCLUSIONS: We found significant associations between contextual determinants and IPV, which emphasizes the importance of considering contextual socioeconomic conditions when policy measures are designed to address IPV.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-8556",
doi="10.1007/s00038-020-01516-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01516-x"
}