@article{ref1,
title="Development programs, security, and violence reduction: evidence from an insurgency in India",
journal="World development",
year="2020",
author="Kaila, Heidi and Singhal, Saurabh and Tuteja, Divya",
volume="130",
number="",
pages="e104911-e104911",
abstract="India has employed a variety of military, political and economic measures to combat the long running insurgency in Kashmir with little evidence on what contributes to stability in the region. This paper uses a variety of tests to detect structural breaks in the time series for violence over the period 1998-2017. We identify a transition from a high violence regime to a low violence regime that coincides with (i) the fencing of the border with Pakistan (ii) the implementation of a large-scale development program, and (iii) the phasing in of the Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). Panel data analysis using district-level data further corroborate these findings. Our results highlight the complementary roles of development programs and security in reducing violence.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0305-750X",
doi="10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104911",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104911"
}