@article{ref1,
title="Rural-urban scaling of age, mortality, crime and property reveals a loss of expected self-similar behaviour",
journal="Scientific reports",
year="2020",
author="Sutton, Jack and Shahtahmassebi, Golnaz and Ribeiro, Haroldo V. and Hanley, Quentin S.",
volume="10",
number="1",
pages="e16863-e16863",
abstract="The urban scaling hypothesis has improved our understanding of cities; however, rural areas have been neglected. We investigated rural-urban population density scaling in England and Wales using 67 indicators of crime, mortality, property, and age. Most indicators exhibited segmented scaling about a median critical density of 27 people per hectare. Above the critical density, urban regions preferentially attract young adults (25-40 years) and lose older people (> 45 years). Density scale adjusted metrics (DSAMs) were analysed using hierarchical clustering, networks, and self-organizing maps (SOMs) revealing regional differences and an inverse relationship between excess value of property transactions and a range of preventable mortality (e.g. diabetes, suicide, lung cancer). The most striking finding is that age demographics break the expected self-similarity underlying the urban scaling hypothesis. Urban dynamism is fuelled by preferential attraction of young adults and not a fundamental property of total urban population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2045-2322",
doi="10.1038/s41598-020-74015-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74015-x"
}