@article{ref1,
title="Differences between men and women in treatment and outcome following traumatic brain injury",
journal="Journal of neurotrauma",
year="2020",
author="Mikolić, Ana and van Klaveren, David and Oude Groeniger, Joost and Wiegers, Eveline and Lingsma, Hester F. and Zeldovich, Marina and von Steinbuechel, Nicole and Maas, Andrew and Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine E. and Polinder, Suzanne",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability, but little is known about sex and gender differences following TBI. We aimed to analyze the association between sex/gender, and the broad range of care pathways, treatment characteristics, and outcomes following mild and moderate/severe TBI. We performed mixed-effects regression analyses in the prospective multi-center Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study, stratified for injury severity and age, and adjusted for baseline characteristics. Outcomes were various care pathway and treatment variables, and 6-month measures of functional outcome, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), post-concussion (PCS) and mental health symptoms. The study included 2862 adults (36% women) with mild (mTBI) (Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) 13-15), and 1333 adults (26% women) with moderate/severe TBI (GCS 3-12). Women were less likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (odds ratios [OR] 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.4-0.8]) following mTBI. Following moderate/severe TBI, women had a shorter median hospital stay (OR 0.7, [0.5-1.0]). Following mTBI, women had poorer outcomes; lower Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE)) (OR 1.4, [1.2-1.6]), lower generic and disease-specific HRQoL, and more severe symptoms of post-concussion, depression and anxiety. Among them, women under 45 and above 65 years showed worse 6- month outcomes compared to men of the same age. Following moderate/severe TBI, there was no difference in GOSE (OR 0.9, CI [0.7-1.2], but women reported more severe post-concussion symptoms (OR 1.7, CI [1.1-2.6]). Men and women differ in care pathways and outcomes following TBI. Women generally report worse 6-month outcomes, but the size of differences depends on TBI severity and age. Future studies should examine factors that explain these differences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-7151",
doi="10.1089/neu.2020.7228",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2020.7228"
}