@article{ref1,
title="The granger-causality between wealth and transportation: a panel data approach",
journal="Transport policy",
year="2020",
author="Yetkiner, Hakan and Beyzatlar, Mehmet Aldonat",
volume="97",
number="",
pages="19-25",
abstract="This study examines the causal relationship between wealth and transportation. The study first develops two alternating theoretical frameworks between wealth and transportation: one in which transportation is demand-driven and one in which transportation has dual role, demand-driven and supply-driving. Next, the study undertakes Granger-causality estimations for a panel of 18 countries over the period 1970-2017. It is found that the dominant Granger-causality relationship is bidirectional for majority of countries. The study also shows that there is high consistency in the Granger-causality relationship between wealth and transportation, and income and transportation. The study has three important contributions: First, the relationship between wealth and transportation is shown both theoretically and empirically. Second, transportation is shown to have dual role in an economy. Finally, it is shown that the wealth-transportation relationship and the transport-income relationship are equally robust and consistent.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0967-070X",
doi="10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.004"
}