@article{ref1,
title="Drowning injuries in the United States: patient characteristics, mortality risk, and associated primary diagnoses",
journal="Injury",
year="2020",
author="Ryan, Kevin M. and Dugas, Julianne and Pina, Tyler and Maksimenko, Yevgeniy and Liu, James",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To determine patient demographics, associated primary diagnoses, mortality risk, and inpatient mortality of admitted drowning patients in the U.S.   METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study using 2016 National Inpatient Sample Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality dataset. External cause codes were used to identify drowning records, excluding self-inflicted/suicides. ICD-10 diagnosis and procedure codes, patient demographics, and admission-related data were collected.   RESULTS: Of the 4,355 admissions in 2016, 68.3% were male (95% CI 65.3-71.3%) and 70.3% were white (95% CI 66.9-73.6%) with mean length of stay of 5.5 days (95% CI 4.9-6.2) and mean total charge of $81,624 (95% CI $70926-$92321). 8.2% of admissions resulted in inpatient death. Those that died were significantly younger than those that did not die (χ2=5.9, p=0.02). There was a statistically significant association between primary payer and inpatient mortality (χ2=10.5, p=0.02).   CONCLUSION: Younger, male, and white patients accounted for the majority of drowning admissions and deaths. A significantly larger proportion of Medicaid patients died compared to inpatient mortality of those with other insurance. Recognizing those most impacted by drowning could help better tailor prevention efforts.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-1383",
doi="10.1016/j.injury.2020.08.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.08.011"
}