@article{ref1,
title="A randomized controlled trial of gaze-contingent music reward therapy for major depressive disorder",
journal="Depression and anxiety",
year="2020",
author="Shamai-Leshem, Dana and Lazarov, Amit and Pine, Daniel S. and Bar-Haim, Yair",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Heightened attention allocation toward negative-valanced information and reduced attention allocation toward positive-valanced information represent viable targets for attention bias modification in major depressive disorder. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a novel gaze-contingent attention bias modification procedure for major depressive disorder.   METHOD: Sixty patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either eight training sessions of feedback-based gaze-contingent music reward therapy designed to divert patients' gaze toward positive over sad stimuli, or to a control condition which entailed eight sessions of gaze-noncontingent music. Clinician-rated and self-reported measures of depression, and proportion of dwell-time on sad faces, were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment, and at a 3-month follow-up.   RESULTS: Gaze-contingent music reward therapy produced a greater reduction in dwell-time on sad faces compared with the control condition, but it failed to generalize to novel faces. Both groups manifested similarly significant reductions in depression symptoms from pre- to posttreatment that were maintained at follow-up. Exploratory analyses suggest that first-episode patients may benefit more from this therapy than patients with a history of multiple episodes.   CONCLUSIONS: Gaze-contingent music reward therapy can modify attention biases in depression, but clear differential clinical effects did not emerge. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1091-4269",
doi="10.1002/da.23089",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.23089"
}