@article{ref1,
title="Deer damage: a review of repellents to reduce impacts worldwide",
journal="Journal of environmental management",
year="2020",
author="Guerisoli, María de Las Mercedes and Pereira, Javier A.",
volume="271",
number="",
pages="e110977-e110977",
abstract="Mammal herbivores, and specially deer, can cause severe damages to agriculture, producing economic losses. Repellents based on odor, visual and/or taste stimuli have been tested to minimize these damages, but their global effectiveness has not been quantified. A systematic literature review on the use of repellents to reduce damage by deer was carried out, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of different repellents and application methods was performed. A Beta regression was employed considering the percentage of vegetation unbrowsed at the end of the essay as the response variable. A total of 246 essays testing ten different repellents and 236 essays testing four different application methods were extracted from 58 articles. Odor-based repellents, such as those including &quot;meat and blood&quot; and &quot;urine, hair and feces of predators&quot;, were found to be the most effective to reduce damage. Non-lethal methods, such as repellents, could be valuable tools to manage this human-wildlife conflict.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0301-4797",
doi="10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110977",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110977"
}