@article{ref1,
title="The mortality rate from self-harm in Iran",
journal="Public health",
year="2020",
author="Ghodsi, Z. and Moghaddam, S. S. and Vezvaei, P. and Yoosefi, M. and Rezaei, N. and Saadat, S. and Sheidaei, A. and Sharif-Alhoseini, M. and Sadeghian, F. and Ahmadi, N. and Jazayeri, S. B. and Salamati, P. and Khosravi, A. and Moradi-Lakeh, M. and Mokdad, A. H. and O'Reilly, G. and Rahimi-Movaghar, V.",
volume="186",
number="",
pages="44-51",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Self-harm-related death is one of the most unfortunate, tragic, and regrettable types of death owing to injuries with a variety of socio-economic and cultural causes. The study aimed to determine the trend in the mortality of self-harm by sex and age at national and provincial levels in Iran over a period of 26 years.   METHODS: The Iran Death Registration System (DRS), cemetery databanks in Tehran and Esfahan, and the national population and housing censuses of Iran were used for this study. Using a growth model, the population was estimated in the age groups. Incompleteness, misalignment, and misclassification in the DRS were all considered and addressed accordingly. We used a spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression model to estimate mortality rates in children and adults.   RESULTS: Over the study period, 67,670 deaths were estimated owing to self-harm across the country. The overall age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 4.32 per 100,000 (95% unit interface (UI): 3.25-5.75) to 2.78 (2.15-3.59) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2015, a reduction of approximately 35.65%. The M/F ratio was 2.03:1 with an annual percent change of -2.38% and -1.37% for women and men, respectively. The annual self-harm mortality rate was higher among individuals aged 15-24 years, as well as it was more in men during the study period.   CONCLUSION: Mortality from self-harm has declined over the study period in Iran. Higher rates in men and in population aged 15-24 years, with considerable variation by province, were the distinguishing features of self-harm. Iran needs to improve monitoring through a comprehensive multisectoral strategy; and most importantly, provide timely, effective and low-cost preventive interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-3506",
doi="10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.015"
}