@article{ref1,
title="Magnet foreign body ingestion: rare occurrence but big consequences",
journal="Journal of pediatric surgery",
year="2018",
author="Sola, Richard and Rosenfeld, Eric H. and Yu, Yangyang R. and St. Peter, Shawn D. and Shah, Sohail R.",
volume="53",
number="9",
pages="1815-1819",
abstract="PURPOSE To review the outcomes of magnet ingestions from two children's hospitals and develop a clinical management pathway.   Methods Children <18years old who ingested a magnet were reviewed from 1/2011 to 6/2016 from two tertiary center children's hospitals. Demographics, symptoms, management and outcomes were analyzed.   Results From 2011 to 2016, there were 89 magnet ingestions (50 from hospital 1 and 39 from hospital 2); 50 (56%) were males. Median age was 7.9 (4.0-12.0) years; 60 (67%) presented with multiple magnets or a magnet and a second metallic co-ingestion. Suspected locations found on imaging were: stomach (53%), small bowel (38%), colon (23%) and esophagus (3%). Only 35 patients (39%) presented with symptoms and the most common symptom was abdominal pain (33%). 42 (47%) patients underwent an intervention, in which 20 (23%) had an abdominal operation. For those undergoing abdominal surgery, an exact logistic regression model identified multiple magnets or a magnet and a second metallic object co-ingestion (OR 12.9; 95% CI, 2.4 - Infinity) and abdominal pain (OR 13.0; 95% CI, 3.2-67.8) as independent risk factors.   Conclusion Magnets have a high risk of requiring surgical intervention for removal. Therefore, we developed a management algorithm for magnet ingestion.   Level of evidence: Level III.   Keywords: Multiple magnet ingestion<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3468",
doi="10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.013",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.013"
}