@article{ref1,
title="Factors associated with frequency of gender identity nonaffirmation microaggressions among transgender persons",
journal="Culture health and sexuality",
year="2020",
author="Parr, Nicholas J. and Howe, Bethany Grace",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Gender-based victimisation (GBV) is commonly experienced by transgender individuals, and can include physical or sexual violence; social, workplace, or housing discrimination; or family or social rejection. In addition to overt forms of GBV, transgender individuals experience gender identity-related microaggressions: subtle, frequently-occurring aversive events that convey nonaffirmation or rejection of an individual's gender identity. The degree to which a transgender individual is socially perceived as the gender with which they identify, sometimes referred to as passing, as well as sociodemographic factors such as annual income and race/ethnicity, have been previously linked with experiencing overt GBV. This study aimed to quantitatively assess whether self-rated degree of passing, age, annual income and being a person of colour were associated with the frequency with which transgender individuals experience less overt identity-related victimisation in the form of gender nonaffirmation microaggressions. Among an age-diverse sample of US adolescent and adult transgender persons ([Formula: see text] = 224) who responded to 14 situational prompts of nonaffirmation microaggressions, adolescents experienced the highest average weekly frequency of nonaffirmation microaggressions (M = 2.16, SD = 1.48). Factors significantly associated with increased average weekly frequency of nonaffirmation microaggressions included lower degree of passing and lower income, while older age was associated with lower frequency of microaggressions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1369-1058",
doi="10.1080/13691058.2020.1755454",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2020.1755454"
}