@article{ref1,
title="The effects of cannabis use: a test among dual electronic and combustible cigarette users",
journal="American journal on addictions",
year="2020",
author="Mayorga, Nubia A. and Garey, Lorra and Nizio, Pamella and Buckner, Julia D. and Zvolensky, Michael J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite greater rates of cannabis use among those that smoke combustible cigarettes, it is currently unknown whether cannabis use is related to e-cigarette dependence or maladaptive beliefs about combustible cigarettes. Therefore, the current study sought to identify whether adult dual users of combustible and e-cigarettes (ie, dual users) who also used cannabis differed from dual users who did not use cannabis on e-cigarette dependence severity, perceived barriers to quitting, and perception of risks and of benefits of e-cigarettes. <br><br>METHODS: Participants were 414 current dual users (48.3% female, M<sub>age</sub>  = 35.1 years, SD = 10.0), 51% of whom were current cannabis users. <br><br>RESULTS: Dual users who reported current cannabis use evidenced more severe dependence on e-cigarettes (η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>  = 0.12), higher perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes (η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>  = 0.06), and greater perceived benefits (η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>  = 0.03) as well as higher perception of risks (η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>  = 0.03) for using e-cigarettes. The results were evident after controlling for the variance associated with sex, age, education, income, and frequency of e-cigarette use. <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the current findings suggest cannabis may be an important type of substance use behavior that is relevant to e-cigarette dependence and beliefs about use and quitting among adult dual users. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The present data extend current understanding of dual users by contextualizing cannabis use within e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use behaviors and highlight a potential substance use behavior that may be targetable in the framework of nicotine cessation. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).<br><br>© 2020 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1055-0496",
doi="10.1111/ajad.13021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13021"
}