@article{ref1,
title="Self-reported sleep quality using the Malay version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-M) in Malaysian adults",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2019",
author="Farah, Nor Mf and Saw Yee, Teh and Mohd Rasdi, Hanif Farhan",
volume="16",
number="23",
pages="e16234750-e16234750",
abstract="(1) Background: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a useful tool for the assessment of subjective sleep quality in non-clinical and clinical settings. This study aimed to determine sleep quality in a general Malaysian adult population using a validated Malay version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI-M); (2) Methods: The original PSQI was translated into Malay following forward and backward translation guidelines. The final Malay version was administered to a sample of healthy working adults (<i>n</i> = 106; mean age: 35.3 ± 7.6 years) without history of sleep disorders. Reliability and agreement were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlations coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman plot. Convergent validity of PSQI-M was examined with the Malay version of Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS-M) using Pearson's correlation coefficient; (3) Results: Overall mean PSQI global score was 5.25 ± 1.85. About 45% of the sample had PSQI global score >5, indicating poor sleep quality. Total sleep duration per night was 5.95 ± 1.05 h, below the recommended amount. Sleep quality seems to be affected by age but not gender. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha in the whole sample was 0.74, with test-retest reliability (ICC) of 0.58 and SEM of 1.34. The PSQI test-retest scores indicated that most of the respondents (90%) lay within the 95% limits of agreement. The PSQI-M also showed significant correlation with ESS-M scores (<i>r</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> < 0.01); (4) Conclusion: The PSQI-M showed acceptable reliability and is valid to be used in a general Malaysian adult population. <br><br>FINDINGS also indicate that a majority of the adults in our sample were experiencing inadequate sleep, thus further research is needed to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph16234750",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234750"
}