@article{ref1,
title="Gender equality, drinking cultures and second-hand harms from alcohol in the 50 US states",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2019",
author="Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J. and Tam, Christina C. and Cook, Won Kim and Greenfield, Thomas K. and Roberts, Sarah C. M.",
volume="16",
number="23",
pages="e16234619-e16234619",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Gender inequality and cultures of binge drinking may increase the risk of second-hand harms from alcohol. <br><br>METHODS: Using the 2014-2015 National Alcohol Survey and 2015 National Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey (N = 7792), we examine associations of state-level gender equality measures (contraceptive access, abortion rights, women's economic equality) and binge drinking cultures (rates of men's and women's binge drinking) with individual-level indicators of second-hand harms by drinking strangers and partners/spouses. <br><br>RESULTS: In main effects models, only male binge drinking was associated with greater odds of harms from drinking strangers. There were significant interactions of gender equality with male binge drinking: High male binge drinking rates were more strongly associated with stranger-perpetrated harms in states low on contraceptive access or abortion rights compared to states high on these measures. Conversely, male binge drinking was more strongly associated with spouse/partner-perpetrated second-hand harms in states with more economic equality, compared to states lower on this measure. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Detrimental effects of high male binge drinking rates may be modified by gender equality. Targeted interventions may reduce alcohol-related harms experienced by women in states with high rates of male binge drinking. Restrictions in access to contraception and abortion may exacerbate harms due to men's drinking.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph16234619",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234619"
}