@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury - 10 states, August-October 2019",
journal="MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report",
year="2019",
author="Blount, Benjamin C. and Karwowski, Mateusz P. and Morel-Espinosa, Maria and Rees, Jon and Sosnoff, Connie and Cowan, Elizabeth and Gardner, Michael and Wang, Lanqing and Valentin-Blasini, Liza and Silva, Lalith and De Jesús, Víctor R. and Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna and Watson, Cliff and Seyler, Tiffany and Xia, Baoyun and Chambers, David and Briss, Peter and King, Brian A. and Delaney, Lisa and Jones, Christopher M. and Baldwin, Grant T. and Barr, John R. and Thomas, Jerry and Pirkle, James L.",
volume="68",
number="45",
pages="1040-1041",
abstract="CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and multiple public health and clinical partners are investigating a national outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Based on data collected as of October 15, 2019, 86% of 867 EVALI patients reported using tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products in the 3 months preceding symptom onset (1). Analyses of THC-containing product samples by FDA and state public health laboratories have identified potentially harmful constituents in these products, such as vitamin E acetate, medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), and other lipids (2,3) (personal communication, D.T. Heitkemper, FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, November 2019). Vitamin E acetate, in particular, might be used as an additive in the production of e-cigarette, or vaping, products; it also can be used as a thickening agent in THC products (4). Inhalation of vitamin E acetate might impair lung function (5-7).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0149-2195",
doi="10.15585/mmwr.mm6845e2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6845e2"
}