@article{ref1,
title="The role of relationship proximity to witnessed community violence and youth outcomes",
journal="Journal of community psychology",
year="2019",
author="Elsaesser, Caitlin and Kennedy, Traci M. and Tredinnick, Lorin",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIMS: This study examines whether the relational proximity to the victim or perpetrator of witnessed community violence is associated with youth symptoms. <br><br>METHODS: Data come from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a national high-risk sample. The sample included 12-year-old youth (N = 720) who had witnessed violence in their lifetimes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions tested whether relationship proximity differentiated youth functioning (social competency, withdrawal, anxiety/depression, delinquency, and aggression), and whether gender moderated these effects. <br><br>RESULTS: Witnessing violence toward a parent was associated with greater withdrawal, delinquency, and aggression symptoms. Witnessing violence perpetrated by a stranger was associated with lower social competency, higher anxiety/depression, and higher delinquency. Two perpetrator associations differed by gender. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Findings suggest important differences in outcomes based on relational proximity to victims and perpetrators. The particularly widespread associations between witnessing violence against a parent and youth functioning underscore the importance of targeting interventions toward youth with parent victims.<br><br>© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-4392",
doi="10.1002/jcop.22275",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22275"
}