@article{ref1,
title="Threat-related disorders as persistent motivational states of defense",
journal="Current opinion in behavioral sciences",
year="2019",
author="Corchs, Felipe and Schiller, Daniela",
volume="26",
number="",
pages="62-68",
abstract="Defensive motivation, broadly defined as the orchestrated optimization of defensive functions, encapsulates core components of threat-related psychopathology. The exact relationship between defensive functions and stress-induced symptoms, however, is not entirely clear. Here we review how some of the most important behavioral and neurological findings related to threat-related disorders -- lowering response threshold to threats, facilitated learning and generalization to new threatening cues, reduced appetitive sensitivity, and resistance to extinction of the defensive state -- map onto defensive motivational states, highlighting evidence that supports conjecturing threat-related disorders as persistent motivational states. We propose a mechanism for the perpetuation of the motivational state, progressively converting temporary defensive functions into persistent defensive states associated with distress and impairment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2352-1546",
doi="10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.10.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.10.007"
}