@article{ref1,
title="Resurrecting the ghost in the shell: a need-centered development approach for optimizing user experience in highly automated vehicles",
journal="Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour",
year="2019",
author="Frison, Anna-Katharina and Wintersberger, Philipp and Riener, Andreas",
volume="65",
number="",
pages="439-456",
abstract="With increasing driving automation, the cooperation between the driver-passenger and the system is fundamentally changing as the driving task is transferred from human drivers to computer systems. At lower levels of automation (SAE L0-2), user experience (UX) is mainly affected by the primary task of vehicle control. However, at higher levels (SAE L3-5) it is dependent on appropriate vehicle behavior as well as non-driving related tasks. Thus, the active role of the driver changes gradually to a passive one and this needs to be addressed earlier on in the design phase of user interfaces for automated driving systems. In this work, we present a need-centered development approach and the involved &quot;AD UX framework&quot;, which we applied in two studies to create a positive user experience in highly/fully automated driving (AD). In the first study, to derive insights for concept development, we analyze the fulfillment of psychological needs in different contextual variations of driving scenarios, such as road type (highway, rural, urban road) or traffic volume (low, moderate, high) using an explorative qualitative approach (N = 30). In the second, for evaluating our derived concept for highway driving with low traffic volume, we compare manual (SAE L0/L1) and highly/fully automated driving (SAE L4/L5) in a simulator environment (N = 27), suggesting cooperative control as possible solution for enhancing AD experience. <br><br>RESULTS in this context reveal significant correlations between UX of automated driving and the fulfillment of the psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and meaning. We conclude that users' feeling of being in control remains and, moreover, should by guaranteed for a pleasurable user experience for each individual driver.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1369-8478",
doi="10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.001"
}