@article{ref1,
title="Injury patterns and first aid training among canyoneers",
journal="Wilderness and environmental medicine",
year="2007",
author="Stephanides, Steven L. and Vohra, Taher",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="16-19",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To identify injury patterns in canyoneering and develop a sense of their frequency. METHODS: A web-based survey of canyoneers was developed. Questions regarding injuries experienced or treated, first aid training, and first aid supplies carried were included. RESULTS: A total of 38 responses were received. Cutaneous injuries were very common (average 2 per person per year), but of apparently low morbidity (no evacuations required). Orthopedic injuries were also common (1 sprain/strain per person every 3 years on average, and major injuries happening to 1 in 2 canyoneers during their career), as were environmental injuries. First aid preparedness, in terms of training and kits, varied quite widely, but there was significant interest in further training. CONCLUSIONS: Minor cutaneous and orthopedic injuries are common, but fortunately do not often require outside assistance. More significant injuries are less common and usually involve orthopedic trauma or environmental exposure. A first aid curriculum for canyoneering should cover stabilization of fractures, analgesia and evacuation techniques as well as minor wound care.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1080-6032",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}