@article{ref1,
title="How dark are dark figures? Official and self-report rates of inmate-on-inmate victimization",
journal="Victims and offenders",
year="2019",
author="Braga, Teresa and Castro-Rodrigues, Andreia De and Folca, Silvana Mariadly Severim Di and GonÇalves, Rui Abrunhosa",
volume="14",
number="6",
pages="745-757",
abstract="Inmate-on-inmate victimization rates were examined through official and self-report data. We checked prison records of 219 male inmates from a prison in Portugal, and estimated rates of official inmate-on-inmate victimization during a 12-month period. Of these 219 inmates, 108 agreed to participate in a self-report survey on their inmate-on-inmate victimization experiences in the last 12 months. According to official records 3.2% of the inmates were victimized, contrasting with the 78.5% prevalence rate revealed in self-report data. This high dark-figure highlights the need to implement specific strategies to prevent inmate-on-inmate victimization hence assuring the prison conditions necessary to corrections efficacy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1556-4886",
doi="10.1080/15564886.2019.1627683",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2019.1627683"
}