@article{ref1,
title="Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder",
journal="Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing",
year="2019",
author="Grigorian, Areg and Nahmias, Jeffry and Dolich, Matthew and Barrios, Cristobal and Schubl, Sebastian D. and Sheehan, Brian and Lekawa, Michael",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision. <br><br>METHODS: The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014-2016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.15; p < .001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, p = .003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, p < .001), compared to non-ADHD bicyclists. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.<br><br>© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1073-6077",
doi="10.1111/jcap.12246",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12246"
}