@article{ref1,
title="Design, construction, and testing of a stereo-photogrammetric tool for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome in infants",
journal="IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
year="2009",
author="Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E. M. and Smit, Julian and Hoyme, H. Eugene and Kalberg, Wendy and Viljoen, Denis L. and Meintjes, Ernesta M. and Douglas, Tania S.",
volume="28",
number="9",
pages="1448-1458",
abstract="Stereo-photogrammetry provides a low cost, easy to use, and noninvasive alternative to traditional facial anthropometry for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We describe such a system for use in obtaining 3-D facial information in infants. The infant is photographed using three high resolution digital cameras simultaneously while seated in a car seat. The subject's head is enclosed in a control frame during imaging. Technical system tests, namely control frame interpolation, camera calibration reliability, and camera synchronization delay assessments were performed. Direct and stereo-photogrammetric measurements of a doll were compared. Of 275 inter-landmark distances, 100% were within a 1.5 mm error range and 92.36% within a 1 mm error range when the two modalities were compared. Stereo-photogrammetry proved to be highly precise with submillimeter error in landmark placement for all landmarks on the doll. An intra-modality comparison of inter-landmark distances using two sets of images of five subjects showed the stereo-photogrammetric system to be highly reliable, with an average 72.25% of distances within a 1 mm error range. The system has potential for large scale screening and surveillance studies for FAS.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1558-254X",
doi="10.1109/TMI.2009.2017375",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2009.2017375"
}