@article{ref1,
title="An analysis of whiplash injury outcomes in an Irish population: a retrospective fifteen-year study of a spine surgeon's experience",
journal="Irish journal of medical science",
year="2019",
author="McCabe, Eva and Jadaan, Mutaz and Jadaan, Dima and McCabe, John P.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Whiplash injuries result from an acceleration-deceleration injury of the cervical spine. The associated symptoms may include neck pain/stiffness; cervicogenic headaches; interscapular pain; upper limb pain, paraesthesia and weakness. Current treatment protocols recommend conservative management of low-grade whiplash. AIMS: To assess changing practices over time in the management of whiplash-associated disorders in the practice of a specialist spine surgeon and to explore the impact of associated litigation on this patient cohort. <br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: The private medical records of a specialist spine surgeon over a 15-year period (1996-2011) were reviewed. Three hundred one consecutive patients were identified: 169 females and 132 males with a mean age of 37 years ± 13. All were referred by primary care with potential soft tissue injury of the cervical spine following a road traffic accident. Fifty-eight percent had associated back pain. An initial conservative approach was adopted in all cases. Subsequently, 4 patients underwent surgical intervention. Ninety-three percent reported chronic neck pain > 6 months after their injury. Age was the only significant predictor of chronic neck pain (adjusted OR 1.29 for every 5-year increase, p = 0.03). All were ultimately involved in litigation. The establishment of the Personal Injuries Board did not influence the litigation duration during the study period. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Whiplash poses a significant societal economic burden in Ireland and was associated with prolonged symptoms including neck pain and upper limb neuropathic symptoms in this cohort. Associated low-back pain was common. Litigation was linked with presentation in all cases.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-1265",
doi="10.1007/s11845-019-02035-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-019-02035-2"
}