@article{ref1,
title="Nonconformist tendencies related to risky choices in female methamphetamine abstainers",
journal="American journal of drug and alcohol abuse encompassing all addictive disorders",
year="2019",
author="Wei, Shuguang and Liu, Quanying and Harrington, Michael and Sun, Jinxiu and Yu, Hao and Han, Jie and Hao, Ming and Wu, Haiyan and Liu, Xun",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="1-10",
abstract="<i>Background</i>: Many experimental studies and theoretical models have tried to explain the multifaceted formation of drug addiction. In most addiction models, social factors are an important component; however, few empirical studies have investigated the social influences on the safe or risky choices of drug-addicted individuals during the abstinence stage. <i>Objectives</i>: To investigate the behavioral patterns of female methamphetamine abstainers under social influence. <i>Methods</i>: Thirty-seven female methamphetamine abstainers (average abstinence time: 8.61 ± 4.75 months) and 40 matched controls performed a gambling task in the presence of peers' choices. We applied both model-free and computational model-based analysis to examine how the decision patterns differed with social influence between the two groups. <i>Results</i>: 1) the choice data from the two groups showed a social influence effect such that participants made more risky choices when others made risky choices; 2) overall, the female methamphetamine abstainers made more risky choices in the social influence task; and 3) in the computational model parameters, the female methamphetamine abstainers exhibited more nonconforming attitudes (with negative other-conferred utility) with respect to peer influence, whereas controls showed higher conformity to peers. <i>Conclusion</i>: Our findings provide the first objective evidence that female methamphetamine abstainers show peer nonconformity. This nonconformist tendency may be a potential behavioral marker to track drug addiction and help to elucidate the mechanisms of decisions made by female methamphetamine abstainers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0095-2990",
doi="10.1080/00952990.2019.1608554",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1608554"
}