@article{ref1,
title="Validity and inter-observer reliability of the TURN 180 test to identify older adults who reported falls",
journal="Israel medical association journal : IMAJ",
year="2019",
author="Gamerman, Yulia and Hoshen, Moshe and Herman Cohen, Avner and Alter, Zhana and Hadad, Luzit and Melzer, Itshak",
volume="21",
number="4",
pages="269-274",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Falls while turning are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in older adults. Reliable and clinically valid methods for turn ability assessments are needed. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: To explore the inter-observer reliability and known group validity of the TURN 180 test. <br><br>METHODS: We divided 78 independent older adults (mean age 76.6 ± 6.5 years) into three groups: non-fallers, infrequent fallers (1-2 falls per year), and recurrent fallers (> 2 falls per year). Participants underwent performance-based tests: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). TUG was videotaped for later analysis of the TURN 180 test by two blinded observers. <br><br>RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the TURN 180 test parameters among the groups (P < 0.04). TURN 180 was highly correlated with TUG (r = 0.81-0.89, P < 0.001) and BBS (r = -0.704-0.754, P < 0.0001) and moderately with POMA (r = -0.641-0.698, P < 0.0001). The number of steps was found to be the strongest parameter to determine fallers among older adults (specificity 96.3%, sensitivity 40%). Inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.91-0.96, P < 0.0001) was found to be excellent for the number of steps, time taken to accomplish a turn, and total test score categories. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The TURN 180 test is highly reliable and can identify the older adults who fall. Our results show that the TURN 180 test can serve as a good performance-based examination for research or clinical setting.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1565-1088",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}