@article{ref1,
title="An assessment of the utility and functionality of wearable head impact sensors in Australian Football",
journal="Journal of science and medicine in sport",
year="2019",
author="McIntosh, Andrew S. and Willmott, Catherine and Patton, Declan A. and Mitra, Biswadev and Brennan, James H. and Dimech-Betancourt, Bleydy and Howard, Teresa S. and Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V.",
volume="22",
number="7",
pages="784-789",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To assess the utility and functionality of the X-Patch<sup>®</sup> as a measurement tool to study head impact exposure in Australian Football. Accuracy, precision, reliability and validity were examined. DESIGNS: Laboratory tests and prospective observational study. <br><br>METHODS: Laboratory tests on X-Patch<sup>®</sup> were undertaken using an instrumented Hybrid III head and neck and linear impactor. Differences between X-Patch<sup>®</sup> and reference data were analysed. Australian Football players wore the X-Patch<sup>®</sup> devices and games were video-recorded. Video recordings were analysed qualitatively for head impact events and these were correlated with X-Patch<sup>®</sup> head acceleration events. Wearability of the X-Patch<sup>®</sup> was assessed using the Comfort Rating Scale for Wearable Computers. <br><br>RESULTS: Laboratory head impacts, performed at multiple impact sites and velocities, identified significant correlations between headform-measured and device-measured kinematic parameters (p<0.05 for all). On average, the X-Patch<sup>®</sup>-recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) was 17% greater than the reference PLA, 28% less for peak rotational acceleration (PRA) and 101% greater for the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). For video analysis, 118 head acceleration events (HAE) were included with PLA ≥30g across 53 players. Video recordings of X-Patch<sup>®</sup>-measured HAEs (PLA ≥30g) determined that 31.4% were direct head impacts, 9.3% were indirect impacts, 44.1% were unknown or unclear and 15.3% were neither direct nor indirect head impacts. The X-Patch<sup>®</sup> system was deemed wearable by 95-100% of respondents. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces evidence that use of the current X-Patch<sup>®</sup> devices should be limited to research only and in conjunction with video analysis.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1440-2440",
doi="10.1016/j.jsams.2019.02.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.02.004"
}