@article{ref1,
title="Jockey injuries during the Siena "Palio". A 72-year analysis of the oldest horse race in Italy",
journal="Injury",
year="2019",
author="Fortina, Mattia and Maniscalco, Pietro and Carulli, Christian and Meccariello, Luigi and Colasanti, Giovanni Battista and Carta, Serafino",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Horse racing is a hazardous sport. We analyzed the incidence and characteristics of jockey injuries in a typical horse race. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed all injuries sustained by 224 jockeys in the last 72 years. <br><br>RESULTS: It was found that in 96.1% of the races there was at least one fall and in 28.6% of the races 50% or more of the jockeys fell. In 43.4% of the falls, the jockey was taken to the emergency room. Comparing the Palio with traditional races in other countries, a higher injury incidence rate was observed for every 100 falls (109.884 vs 27-59) and a lower concussion rate/100 falls (0.97 vs 1.8-7.4). <br><br>CONCLUSION: The Palio is one of the most threatening races that continues today. Jockeys are at greater risk for a fall than any other race in the world.<br><br>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-1383",
doi="10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.015"
}