@article{ref1,
title="Assessment of trauma symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers living in poverty",
journal="Child maltreatment",
year="2019",
author="Bollens, Sara H. and Fox, Robert A.",
volume="24",
number="3",
pages="275-285",
abstract="A first-line screening instrument, the Preschool Inventory of Trauma Symptoms (PITS), was developed to assess trauma symptoms with a diverse sample of 150 toddlers and preschoolers ( M = 2.49 years; SD = 1.12). Items reflected the current trauma literature, assessment measures, and diagnostic criteria for very young children. A principal component analysis produced a 34-item, four-factor model: Arousal and Hyper-Reactivity, Fearful Attachment, Intrusion and Re-Experiencing, and Avoidance and Negative Cognition and Mood. One validity scale, Response Style, was also developed. All scales significantly correlated ( r =.45 to.81; p <.01) with preestablished trauma measures and demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α =.68 -.87). A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis identified a cut-score with good discrimination ability (.88), sensitivity (.81), and specificity (.81). In a preliminary pilot study, PITS also was found to be sensitive to trauma symptom change following participation in an evidence-based trauma informed treatment program. A copy of the PITS is included in the Appendix for free use by qualified professionals.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1077-5595",
doi="10.1177/1077559519830790",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519830790"
}