@article{ref1,
title="Applications of direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry for the detection of pre-blast smokeless powder organic additives",
journal="Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry",
year="2019",
author="González-Méndez, Ramón and Mayhew, Chris A.",
volume="30",
number="4",
pages="615-624",
abstract="Analysis of smokeless powders is of interest from forensics and security perspectives. This article reports the detection of smokeless powder organic additives (in their pre-detonation condition), namely the stabiliser diphenylamine and its derivatives 2-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine, and the additives (used both as stabilisers and plasticisers) methyl centralite and ethyl centralite, by means of swab sampling followed by thermal desorption and direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. Investigations on the product ions resulting from the reactions of the reagent ions H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> and O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> with additives as a function of reduced electric field are reported. The method was comprehensively evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision. For H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, the limits of detection (LoD) are in the range of 41-88 pg of additive, for which the accuracy varied between 1.5 and 3.2%, precision varied between 3.7 and 7.3% and linearity showed R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9991. For O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, LoD are in the range of 72 to 1.4 ng, with an accuracy of between 2.8 and 4.9% and a precision between 4.5 and 8.6% and R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9914. The validated methodology was applied to the analysis of commercial pre-blast gun powders from different manufacturers. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1044-0305",
doi="10.1007/s13361-018-02130-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-018-02130-1"
}