@article{ref1,
title="Randomized controlled trial of an online problem-solving intervention following adolescent traumatic brain injury: family outcomes",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2019",
author="Narad, Megan E. and Raj, Stacey and Yeates, Keith O. and Taylor, H. Gerry and Kirkwood, Michael W. and Stancin, Terry and Wade, Shari L.",
volume="100",
number="5",
pages="811-820",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine parent/family outcomes of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Teen Online Problem-Solving with Family (TOPS-F), Teen Online Problem-Solving- Teen Only (TOPS-TO), or access to internet resources alone (IRC). <br><br>DESIGN: Three-arm randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Four children's hospitals and one general medical center in Ohio and Colorado. PARTICIPANTS: 152 children/adolescents, 11-18 years old, hospitalized for complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the previous 18-months. INTERVENTIONS: Intervention groups: TOPS-F, TOPS-TO, and IRC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Parental depression (CES-D), parental psychological distress (SCL-90-GSI), family functioning (FAD-GF), cohesiveness (PARQ) and conflict (IBQ) were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Treatment effects and the moderating effect of the number of parents in the home (single vs. two-parent families). <br><br>RESULTS: Number of parents moderated treatment effects with effects ranging from trending to statistically significant for depression, family functioning, cohesion, and conflict. Among single parents, TOPS-TO reported better family functioning than TOPS-F, and greater cohesion and less conflict than IRC. Among two-parent families, TOPS-F reported less depression than IRC, and less depression and greater cohesion than TOPS-TO. The effect of family composition was also noted within TOPS-TO and TOPS-F. In TOPS-F, two-parent families reported less depression than single-parent families. In TOPS-TO single parents reported greater cohesion and better family functioning than two-parent families. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the TOPS intervention to improve family outcomes, with differential effects noted for single vs. two-parent households. The TOPS-TO format appeared more beneficial for single-parent households, while TOPS-F was more beneficial for two-parent households, highlighting the importance of considering family composition when determining the best treatment modality.<br><br>Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2019.01.010",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.01.010"
}