@article{ref1,
title="Animal models of liability to post-traumatic stress disorder: going beyond fear memory",
journal="Behavioural pharmacology",
year="2019",
author="Cabib, Simona and Orsini, Cristina and Puglisi Allegra, Stefano",
volume="30",
number="2 and 3 - Special Issue",
pages="122-129",
abstract="In this review, we advocate a dimensional approach on the basis of candidate endophenotypes to the development of animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) capable of including genetic liability factors, variations in symptoms profile and underlying neurobiological mechanisms, and specific comorbidities. <br><br>RESULTS from the clinical literature pointed to two candidate endophenotypes of PTSD: low sensory gating and high waiting impulsivity. <br><br>FINDINGS of comparative studies in mice of two inbred strains characterized by different expressions of the two candidate endophenotypes showed different strain-specific neural and behavioral effects of stress experiences. Thus, mice of the standard C57BL/6J strain show stress-induced helplessness, stress-learned helplessness, and stress-extinction-resistant conditioned freezing. Instead, mice of the genetically unrelated DBA/2J strain, expressing both candidate endophenotypes, show stress-induced extinction-resistant avoidance and neural and behavioral phenotypes promoted by prolonged exposure to addictive drugs. These strain differences are in line with evidence of associations between genetic variants and specific stress-promoted pathological profiles in PTSD, support a role of genotype in determining different PTSD comorbidities, and offer the means to investigate specific pathogenic processes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0955-8810",
doi="10.1097/FBP.0000000000000475",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000475"
}