@article{ref1,
title="Rumination, depression, and gender in early adolescence: a longitudinal study of a bidirectional model",
journal="Journal of early adolescence",
year="2018",
author="Krause, Elizabeth D. and Vélez, Clorinda E. and Woo, Rebecca and Hoffmann, Brittany and Freres, Derek R. and Abenavoli, Rachel M. and Gillham, Jane E.",
volume="38",
number="7",
pages="923-946",
abstract="Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression diverge by gender. The present study evaluated a cross-lagged path model of rumination and depression in a sample of 408 early adolescents. Gender moderation was also examined. Support was found for a longitudinal bidirectional model of rumination and depression but only among girls. For boys, increased rumination emerged as a consequence, not as a predictor, of depression symptoms. In early adolescence, rumination may be a greater risk factor for depression among girls than boys, whereas depression may be a significant vulnerability factor for increased rumination among both boys and girls. Why rumination may be more maladaptive for girls than boys is discussed within a psychosocial and developmental framework.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0272-4316",
doi="10.1177/0272431617704956",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617704956"
}