@article{ref1,
title="Time trends of head injuries over multiple seasons in professional male football (soccer)",
journal="Sports medicine international open",
year="2019",
author="Beaudouin, Florian and der Fünten, Karen Aus and Tröß, Tobias and Reinsberger, Claus and Meyer, Tim",
volume="3",
number="1",
pages="E6-E11",
abstract="The present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine &quot;kicker Sportmagazin <sup>®</sup> &quot; as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1 <sup>st</sup> German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07-2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56-2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2367-1890",
doi="10.1055/a-0808-2551",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0808-2551"
}