@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of exertional heat illnesses in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2019",
author="Yeargin, Susan W. and Dompier, Thomas P. and Casa, Douglas J. and Hirschhorn, Rebecca M. and Kerr, Zachary Y.",
volume="54",
number="1",
pages="55-63",
abstract="CONTEXT: Exertional heat illnesses (EHIs) among football athletes have been widely researched, but data examining all collegiate sports are limited. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of EHI in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports. <br><br>DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A voluntary sample of 166 NCAA institutions over 2048 team-seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Athletic trainers reported EHIs to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Only EHIs sustained during a sanctioned practice or competition were included. The EHI rate, specific diagnoses, and number of emergency transports were measured. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 232 EHI events were reported (0.47/10 000 athlete-exposures [AEs]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 0.53). Football comprised 75% of all EHI events and had the largest rate (1.55/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.78). The overall EHI rate was higher in preseason practices (1.16/10 000 AEs) than all other time periods (regular and postseason practices and all competitions; 0.23/10 000 AEs, injury rate ratio [IRR] = 4.96; 95% CI = 3.79, 6.50). This result was retained when examining the individual sports of football (3.65/10 000 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs, IRR = 5.82; 95% CI = 4.18, 8.10), men's soccer (1.11/10 000 versus 0.07/10 000 AEs, IRR = 16.819; 95% CI = 1.89, 138.55), and women's soccer (1.10/10 000 versus 0.05/10 000 AEs, IRR = 22.52; 95% CI = 2.77, 183.05). The EHI rates were highest in states with elevated annual temperatures (1.05/10 000 AEs). Heat cramps (39%), heat exhaustion (27%), and dehydration (29%) were the most common types of EHI. Nineteen athletes with EHI (8%) required emergency transport. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Football players continue to experience the most EHIs; however, EHIs can potentially occur in all NCAA sports. Continued emphasis on preseason EHI policies and institution-specific environmental guidelines is needed to address EHI rates.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-504-17",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-504-17"
}