@article{ref1,
title="Patterns of implicit and explicit attitudes: I. Long-term change and stability from 2007 to 2016",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2019",
author="Charlesworth, Tessa E. S. and Banaji, Mahzarin R.",
volume="30",
number="2",
pages="174-192",
abstract="Using 4.4 million tests of implicit and explicit attitudes measured continuously from an Internet population of U.S. respondents over 13 years, we conducted the first comparative analysis using time-series models to examine patterns of long-term change in six social-group attitudes: sexual orientation, race, skin tone, age, disability, and body weight. Even within just a decade, all explicit responses showed change toward attitude neutrality. Parallel implicit responses also showed change toward neutrality for sexual orientation, race, and skin-tone attitudes but revealed stability over time for age and disability attitudes and change away from neutrality for body-weight attitudes. These data provide previously unavailable evidence for long-term implicit attitude change and stability across multiple social groups; the data can be used to generate and test theoretical predictions as well as construct forecasts of future attitudes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="10.1177/0956797618813087",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618813087"
}