@article{ref1,
title="All things in moderation? Threshold effects in adolescent extracurricular participation intensity and behavioral problems",
journal="Journal of school health",
year="2019",
author="Matjasko, Jennifer L. and Holland, Kristin M. and Holt, Melissa K. and Espelage, Dorothy L. and Koenig, Brian W.",
volume="89",
number="2",
pages="79-87",
abstract="BACKGROUND: School-based extracurricular activity participation is one of the primary avenues for prosocial activity engagement during adolescence. In this study, we test the &quot;overscheduling hypothesis&quot; or whether the negative relationship between structured activity intensity (ie, hours) and adolescent bullying and fighting levels off or declines at moderate to high intensity (ie, threshold effects). <br><br>METHODS: This study uses the Dane County Youth Survey (N = 14,124) to investigate the relationship between school-based extracurricular activity participation intensity and bullying perpetration and physical fighting and whether there are threshold effects of activity participation intensity. <br><br>RESULTS: The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between extracurricular activity participation intensity and bullying perpetration and physical fighting and that there are threshold effects in these relationships at 3 to 4 hours per week. <br><br>RESULTS also suggest that low-income adolescents engage in more fighting than other youth and the negative relationship between activity participation intensity and physical fighting was mainly concentrated among low-income adolescents. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: School-based extracurricular activity participation-in moderation (ie, up to 3-4 hours per week)-may provide a positive, supportive context that could be a promising prevention strategy for bullying and fighting. Implications for future research on how school-based extracurricular activity participation intensity benefits adolescent functioning are discussed.<br><br>© 2019, American School Health Association.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4391",
doi="10.1111/josh.12715",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12715"
}