@article{ref1,
title="Pedestrian control measures for efficient emergency response management in mass gatherings",
journal="International journal of disaster resilience in the built environment",
year="2018",
author="Taneja, Lakshay and Bolia, Nomesh B.",
volume="9",
number="3",
pages="273-290",
abstract="In mass gatherings, a large number of people gather at a single location. To ensure safety of these people, adequate crowd management strategies are essential. Specifically, in case of an emergency, efficient evacuation can save the lives of many people. This paper aims to develop various control strategies for efficient evacuation, including providing information of routes, changing the physical layout and controlling the behavior of evacuees.       Design/methodology/approach      Mathematical models have been developed for optimal decision-making and analysis of the effect of these control strategies during evacuation. A global search with Sequential Quadratic programming is used to increase the likelihood of obtaining the optimal solution to these models. Further, an illustrative evacuation example is presented to test the efficacy of the models.       Findings      The results of the illustrative example demonstrate that the models and their corresponding strategies can bring significant benefits for efficient evacuation.       Practical implications      The models developed can play a significant role in helping the security staff execute evacuation better at an operational level. The authors' models can also have implications at the strategic level for the crowd manager.       Social implications      Efficient strategies and optimal decision-making during evacuation can save lives of people. These models can develop efficient strategies that can save lives of people.       Originality/value      This paper fulfills need to study the effect of various control strategies on evacuation efficiency for a large area and its complete network.   Keywords:     Disaster response, Evacuation, Crowd management, Control strategies, Emergency response management, Mass gatherings Type:     Research Paper Publisher:     Emerald Publishing Limited Received:     13 July 2017 Revised:     09 February 2018, 22 February 2018 Accepted:     16 March 2018 Copyright:     © Emerald Publishing Limited 2018     Published by Emerald Publishing Limited<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1759-5908",
doi="10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2017-0045",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2017-0045"
}