@article{ref1,
title="What can help? Examining levels of substance (non)use as a protective factor in the effect of ACEs on crime",
journal="Youth violence and juvenile justice",
year="2019",
author="Craig, Jessica M. and Intravia, Jonathan and Wolff, Kevin T. and Baglivio, Michael T.",
volume="17",
number="1",
pages="42-61",
abstract="Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. <br><br>RESULTS illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.  Keywords: Juvenile justice <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1541-2040",
doi="10.1177/1541204017728998",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204017728998"
}