@article{ref1,
title="Fire safety enhancement of a highly efficient flame retardant poly(phenylphosphoryl phenylenediamine) in biodegradable poly(lactic acid)",
journal="Journal of hazardous materials",
year="2018",
author="Wu, Ningjing and Fu, Guoliang and Yang, Yue and Xia, Mingfeng and Yun, Han and Wang, Qingguo",
volume="363",
number="",
pages="1-9",
abstract="Flame-retarded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable materials are viewed as promising as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based commodity polymers. A new highly efficient flame retardant, poly(phenylphosphoryl phenylenediamine) (PPDA), was synthesized by the condensation of phenylphosphoryl dichloride with p-phenylenediamine and its structure was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H nulear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. When 3 wt% PPDA was incorporated into PLA, the limited oxygen index increased from 20.0% of neat PLA to 25.5% and its UL-94 vertical burning testing achieved V-0 rating. Moreover, the total heat release and peak heat release rate values of PLA/3 wt% PPDA material were decreased from 109.1 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> and 643.7 kW/m<sup>2</sup> of PLA to 98.3 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> and 570.0 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and the fire performance index increased from 0.081 of PLA to 0.132 m<sup>2</sup> s/kW. The high fire safety of PPDA in PLA is mainly attributed to the combined effects of the phosphorous-containing radical inhibition and inert gases and the barrier action of the formed char layer. The addition of less than 3 wt% PPDA has little influence on the tensile and impact properties of PLA. The flame retardant PLA blends have great application potential in electrical casing, automobile interiors and three-dimensional printing materials.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0304-3894",
doi="10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.090",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.090"
}