@article{ref1,
title="Clinical features of differential diagnosis between unipolar and bipolar depression in a drug-free sample of young adults",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2018",
author="Patella, André Machado and Jansen, Karen and Cardoso, Taiane de Azevedo and Souza, Luciano Dias de Mattos and Silva, Ricardo Azevedo da and Coelho, Fábio Monteiro da Cunha",
volume="243",
number="",
pages="103-107",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Subjects with bipolar disorder suffering of a depressive episode are frequently misdiagnosed as unipolar depression, being important studies assessing the differential diagnosis between bipolar and unipolar depression. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess the sociodemographic and clinical features of drug-free young adults in a depressive episode of bipolar or unipolar disorder in order to identify factors that may differentiate these psychiatric conditions. <br><br>METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 241 young adults aged between 18 and 29 years who were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The sample comprised patients with BD (n = 89) and major depressive disorder (n = 152), experiencing a depressive episode and not using psychoactive drugs or illicit psychoactive substances. <br><br>RESULTS: The characteristics associated with bipolar depression were being male (p < 0.001), with a family history of BD (p = 0.013), a higher frequency of childhood traumatic experiences (p = 0.001), younger age of onset of mood disorder (p = 0.004), many previous depressive episodes (p = 0.027), greater severity of depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and day/night reversal (p = 0.013). Those with unipolar depression showed a higher frequency of biological rhythm disturbances (p < 0.001), and diurnal preference (p = 0.028). LIMITATIONS: The sample has not included subjects with severe suicide risk, a possible important marker in differentiate unipolar from bipolar depression. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Some clinical aspects may contribute to an early differential diagnosis of both bipolar and unipolar depression even in the initial stages of the disease.<br><br>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.007"
}