@article{ref1,
title="Hate speech is in the eye of the beholder: the influence of racial attitudes and freedom of speech beliefs on perceptions of racially motivated threats of violence",
journal="Social psychological and personality science",
year="2018",
author="Roussos, Gina and Dovidio, John F.",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="176-185",
abstract="The present research investigated how levels of anti-Black prejudice may influence differential perceived free-speech protections (FSPs) for hurtful acts targeting Black or White people. Because hate crime designation (HCD) requires evidence of a prejudice-motivated intention to harm individuals, we investigated how anti-Black prejudice and race of the target interact to influence HCD for the act and how greater perceived FSPs may predict less willingness to label the act a hate crime. Across two studies, anti-Black bias was associated with more perceived FSPs for Black-targeted acts, which predicted less HCD. Low anti-Black prejudice participants viewed Black- versus White-targeted acts as less protected by free-speech rights and more likely to be a hate crime. In Study 1 (but not Study 2), high anti-Black prejudice participants displayed the opposite pattern. This work holds implications for theories of motivated justification and psychological understanding of public discourse regarding free speech.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1948-5506",
doi="10.1177/1948550617748728",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617748728"
}