@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence of tornado-scale vortices in the tropical cyclone eyewall",
journal="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
year="2018",
author="Wu, Liguang and Liu, Qingyuan and Li, Yubin",
volume="115",
number="33",
pages="8307-8310",
abstract="Analyses of datasets from manned research flights that penetrated hurricane eyes and tropical cyclone (TC) damage surveys strongly suggest the existence of tornado-scale vortices in the turbulent boundary layer of the TC eyewall. However, their small horizontal scale, their fast movement, and the associated severe turbulence make the tornado-scale vortex very difficult to observe directly. To understand tornado-scale vortices in the TC eyewall and their influence on the TC vortex, mesoscale rainbands, and convective clouds, a numerical experiment including seven nested domains with the smallest horizontal grid interval of 37 m is conducted to perform a large eddy simulation (LES) with the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. We show that most of the observed features associated with tornado-scale vortices can be realistically simulated in the WRF-LES framework. The numerical simulation confirms the existence of simulated tornado-scale vortices in the turbulent boundary layer of the TC eyewall. Our numerical experiment suggests that tornado-scale vortices are prevalent at the inner edge of the intense eyewall convection.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0027-8424",
doi="10.1073/pnas.1807217115",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807217115"
}