@article{ref1,
title="Using educational theory and research to refine agricultural extension: affordances and barriers for farmers' learning and practice change",
journal="Journal of agricultural education and extension",
year="2017",
author="Sewell, A. M. and Hartnett, M. K. and Gray, D. I. and Blair, H. T. and Kemp, P. D. and Kenyon, P. R. and Morris, S. T. and Wood, B. A.",
volume="23",
number="4",
pages="313-333",
abstract="PURPOSE: To examine the factors that support and hinder farmers' learning and to investigate the impact of an innovative learning program on farmers' practice change.<br><br>DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Individual interviews and focus group discussions were held with 24 farmers over 20 months. Observations were made of these farmers as they participated with eight agricultural and social scientists in a range of innovative experiences to learn about chicory and plantain establishment and management. These learning experiences were designed around evidence-informed educational pedagogies. Data sets were analyzed using NVivo to determine common themes of affordances and barriers to learning and actual practice changes.<br><br>FINDINGS: The affordances for learning and practice change include belonging to a learning community, enhancing self-efficacy, engaging with scientists, seeing relative advantage, reinforcing and validating learning, supporting system's integration and developing an identity as learners. Barriers to learning and practice change include issues of: trialability, complexity, compatibility and risk.Practical implications: The importance of basing new models of extension around evidence-informed pedagogies known through educational research to promote learning and practice change.Theoretical implications: Sociocultural theory and self-efficacy theories of learning are critical to the success of effective agricultural extension programs.Originality: To date, little empirical research about the affordances and barriers for pastoral farmers' learning has been based on contemporary educational research.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1389-224X",
doi="10.1080/1389224X.2017.1314861",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2017.1314861"
}