@article{ref1,
title="The perception of spontaneous and volitional laughter across 21 societies",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2018",
author="Bryant, Gregory A. and Fessler, Daniel M. T. and Fusaroli, Riccardo and Clint, Edward and Amir, Dorsa and Chávez, Brenda and Denton, Kaleda K. and Díaz, Cinthya and Duran, Lealaiauloto Togiaso and Fanćovićová, Jana and Fux, Michal and Ginting, Erni Farida and Hasan, Youssef and Hu, Anning and Kamble, Shanmukh V. and Kameda, Tatsuya and Kuroda, Kiri and Li, Norman P. and Luberti, Francesca R. and Peyravi, Raha and Prokop, Pavol and Quintelier, Katinka J. P. and Shin, Hyun Jung and Stieger, Stefan and Sugiyama, Lawrence S. and van den Hende, Ellis A. and Viciana-Asensio, Hugo and Yildizhan, Saliha Elif and Yong, Jose C. and Yuditha, Tessa and Zhou, Yi",
volume="29",
number="9",
pages="1515-1525",
abstract="Laughter is a nonverbal vocalization occurring in every known culture, ubiquitous across all forms of human social interaction. Here, we examined whether listeners around the world, irrespective of their own native language and culture, can distinguish between spontaneous laughter and volitional laughter-laugh types likely generated by different vocal-production systems. Using a set of 36 recorded laughs produced by female English speakers in tests involving 884 participants from 21 societies across six regions of the world, we asked listeners to determine whether each laugh was real or fake, and listeners differentiated between the two laugh types with an accuracy of 56% to 69%. Acoustic analysis revealed that sound features associated with arousal in vocal production predicted listeners' judgments fairly uniformly across societies. These results demonstrate high consistency across cultures in laughter judgments, underscoring the potential importance of nonverbal vocal communicative phenomena in human affiliation and cooperation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="10.1177/0956797618778235",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618778235"
}