@article{ref1,
title="Fear conditioning by proxy: social transmission of fear between interacting conspecifics",
journal="Current protocols in neuroscience",
year="2018",
author="Jones, Carolyn E. and Agee, Laura and Monfils, Marie-H",
volume="83",
number="1",
pages="e43-e43",
abstract="We describe a method of social fear transmission to a discrete auditory cue in freely behaving rats. Extending beyond traditional observer/demonstrator paradigms, rats are allowed to physically interact and integrate cues from all sensory modalities. In the protocol described in this article, &quot;observer&quot; rats experience social fear conditioning through a proxy cage mate that serves as a &quot;demonstrator&quot; during retrieval of a cued fear memory. We find that a specific auditory cue can come to elicit fear expression in an animal with no foot shock experience simply by interacting with a conspecific expressing a conditioned response in the presence of an otherwise benign stimulus. In this &quot;fear conditioning by proxy&quot; paradigm, we have demonstrated that some, but not all, rats display conditioned responding (e.g., freezing) to a cue after interacting with a cage mate during fear memory retrieval. The amount of freezing exhibited by this fear conditioned &quot;by proxy&quot; rat 24 hr after learning critically depends on social influences, including social relationships and social interactions during learning. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1934-8584",
doi="10.1002/cpns.43",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpns.43"
}