@article{ref1,
title="What is "non-binary" and what do i need to know? A primer for surgeons providing chest surgery for transgender patients",
journal="Aesthetic surgery journal",
year="2019",
author="Esmonde, Nick and Heston, Aaron and Ramly, Elie and Jedrezsweski, Breanna and Annen, Alvin and Guerriero, Jess and Hansen, Juliana and Berli, Jens",
volume="39",
number="5",
pages="NP106-NP112",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The majority of transgender research focuses on patients who fall within the gender binary of either trans-male or trans-female. This largely omits understanding of the &quot;non-binary&quot; gender identity, as it pertains to surgical care. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe a single-institution experience performing chest affirming procedures in non-binary patients, including patient characteristics, surgical techniques, practice pearls, and outcomes. <br><br>METHODS: This is an observational study of non-binary patients undergoing a &quot;chest affirming surgery&quot; from 2012 to 2017. Demographic and surgical data were collected. A postoperative questionnaire assessing quality of life and body image outcomes was administered. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 458 patients with gender dysphoria underwent chest surgery; fifty-eight (13%) patients were non-binary. All non-binary patients indicated they had a female sex assigned at birth (100%). The most commonly performed procedure was the double incision technique with nipple grafts (72%), followed by the double incision technique without nipples grafts (19%). Patients reported improved quality of life (4.88, SD ± 0.34), comfort with exercise (4.07, SD ± 0.98), sex life (4.02, SD ± 0.92), and comfort in physical appearance with (4.97, SD ± 0.18) and without clothes (4.69, SD ± 0.47) on a Likert scale. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Chest surgery for non-binary patients comprises a significant proportion of our transgender surgery practice, and surgeons providing affirming care should be familiar with the unique characteristics and treatment options for this patient population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1090-820X",
doi="10.1093/asj/sjy166",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjy166"
}