@article{ref1,
title="Relationship between alcohol co-ingestion and outcome in profenofos self-poisoning - a prospective case series",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2018",
author="Dhanarisi, H. K. Jeevan and Gawarammana, Indika B. and Mohamed, Fahim and Eddleston, Michael",
volume="13",
number="7",
pages="e0200133-e0200133",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The importance of alcohol co-ingestion for outcome in organophosphorus (OP) insecticide self-poisoning has only been studied for the relatively hydrophilic dimethyl insecticide, dimethoate. We aimed to assess the effect of alcohol in acute poisoning with the lipophilic S-alkyl OP insecticide, profenofos. <br><br>METHODOLOGY: Demographic and clinical data, including an alcohol history, were prospectively collected from all cases of acute poisoning with agricultural profenofos EC50 presenting to two Sri Lankan hospitals over seven years. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 1859 patients with acute OP insecticide self-poisoning, 243 (13.1%) reported ingestion of profenofos (male 182/243, 74.9%). Alcohol co-ingestion was reported by 64/243 (26.3%). All patients reporting alcohol co-ingestion were male (64/64 [100%] vs 118/179 [65.9%] not reporting alcohol ingestion, p<0.001). More patients reporting alcohol co-ingestion died (10/64 [15.6%] vs 10/179 [5.6%]; p = 0.013) and required intubation (13/64 [20.3%] vs 16/179 [8.9%], p = 0.016) compared to those who did not co-ingest alcohol. Using multi-logistic regression, controlling for the estimated dose ingested, age (OR 11.1 [2.5 to 48.9] for age > 35 years vs ≤35 years) and alcohol co-ingestion (OR 3.1 [1.2 to 7.9]) were independently associated with increased risk of death. Increased risk of intubation was independently associated with age (OR 3.2 [1.6 to 6.6] for age > 35 years vs ≤35 years) and alcohol co-ingestion (OR 3.2 [1.6 to 6.4]). <br><br>CONCLUSION: A history of alcohol co-ingestion, as well as older age, is independently associated with worse outcome in patients' self-poisoned with profenofos.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0200133",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200133"
}