@article{ref1,
title="Folk prescription for treating rhinitis as a rare cause of childhood lead poisoning: a case series",
journal="BMC pediatrics",
year="2018",
author="Ying, Xiao-Lan and Markowitz, Morri and Yan, Chong-huai",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e219-e219",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Folk prescriptions continue to be important sources of childhood lead poisoning. Nasal spray folk prescriptions for treating rhinitis has only been reported once previously as a cause of lead poisoning. CASE PRESENTATION: We identified three pediatric cases of severe lead poisoning caused by nasal spray folk medicines prescribed for treating rhinitis. The three patients had similar clinical manifestations including: severe abdominal pain, headache, pale appearance and fatigue. Liver function tests were abnormal. Blood lead levels (BLLs) of the three patients were 91 μg/dL, 91 μg/dL, and 105 μg/dL, respectively. After chelation BLLs decreased. The lead content of the three folk remedies as measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were 14.8, 22.3, and 33.4%. All the symptoms resolved during a course of chelation therapy. There were no severe side effects of treatment. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Nasal spray folk prescriptions for treating rhinitis may contain extremely high bio-accessible lead content and are potential sources of lead poisoning. Clinicians should be alert to this possibility especially in those children presenting with multisystem symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2431",
doi="10.1186/s12887-018-1193-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1193-9"
}