@article{ref1,
title="Drinking patterns vary by gender, age and country-level income: cross-country analysis of the International Alcohol Control Study",
journal="Drug and alcohol review",
year="2018",
author="Chaiyasong, Surasak and Huckle, Taisia and Mackintosh, Anne-Marie and Meier, Petra and Parry, Charles and Callinan, Sarah and Pham, Cuong and Kazantseva, Elena and Gray-Phillip, Gaile and Parker, Karl and Casswell, Sally",
volume="37",
number="Suppl 2",
pages="S53-S62",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Gender and age patterns of drinking are important in guiding country responses to harmful use of alcohol. This study undertook cross-country analysis of drinking across gender, age groups in some high-and middle-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS: Surveys of drinkers were conducted in Australia, England, Scotland, New Zealand, St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), Thailand, South Africa, Mongolia and Vietnam (middle-income) as part of the International Alcohol Control Study. Drinking pattern measures were high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking. Differences in the drinking patterns across age and gender groups were calculated. Logistic regression models were applied including a measure of country-level income. <br><br>RESULTS: Percentages of high-frequency, heavier-typical quantity and higher-risk drinking were greater among men than in women in all countries. Older age was associated with drinking more frequently but smaller typical quantities especially in high-income countries. Middle-income countries overall showed less frequent but heavier typical quantities; however, the lower frequencies meant the percentages of higher risk drinkers were lower overall compared with high-income countries (with the exception of South Africa). <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency drinking was greater in high-income countries, particularly in older age groups. Middle-income countries overall showed less frequent drinking but heavier typical quantities. As alcohol use becomes more normalised as a result of the expansion of commercial alcohol it is likely frequency of drinking will increase with a likelihood of greater numbers drinking at higher risk levels.<br><br>© 2018 The Authors Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-5236",
doi="10.1111/dar.12820",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12820"
}